Sirach (Ecclesiasticus) — Chapter 8

Strive not with a powerful man, lest thou fall into his hands. The prudential maxim against litigation with those stronger than oneself. Lapide cites Alcibiades and Gregory Nazianzen: the prudent man avoids all unnecessary conflict, especially with the powerful.

Contend not with a man that is full of tongue, and heap not wood upon his fire. Debate with a verbose or passionate person only inflames the situation. Lapide compares such contention to adding wood to a fire—prudence dictates withdrawal.

Forget not the old man, for we ourselves shall also become old. Reverence for the elderly is grounded in natural solidarity: we too shall be old. Lapide treats this as a principle of natural compassion and social dignity.

Rejoice not over thy enemy being dead, knowing that we all die and are unwilling to have cause of rejoicing over us. Schadenfreude over a dead enemy is specifically condemned as uncharitable and imprudent. Lapide notes the universality of death as the great leveler demanding mutual respect and humility.

Despise not the discourse of the ancients that are wise, and acquaint thyself with their proverbs. The wisdom of elders preserved in proverbs is a cultural treasure. Lapide exhorts the young to learn from experienced men, treating their maxims as condensed practical wisdom.

Kindle not the coals of sinners by rebuking them, lest thou be burnt by the flame of the fire of their sins. Reproving obstinate sinners only provokes greater sin and may endanger the reprover. Lapide distinguishes between fruitful fraternal correction and futile provocation of the hardened wicked.

Lend not to a man mightier than thyself; and if thou lendest, count it as lost. Financial dealings with the powerful carry inherent risk. Lapide treats this as prudential advice about the social dangers of economic dependency on the mighty.

Judge not against a judge; for he judgeth according to that which is just. Respect for judicial authority: Lapide notes that judges must be presumed to act justly unless clear evidence proves otherwise. Undermining the judicial office undermines the social order.

Make no counsel with a fool, for he will not be able to keep counsel. The fool cannot maintain confidentiality and cannot give sound advice. Lapide treats this as a crucial principle of practical wisdom: the choice of counselors determines the quality of every important decision.